Wearable items formed from water-dissolvable material

ABSTRACT

Embodiments include a wearable item comprising a water-dissolvable material that forms at least a majority of the wearable item. In examples, the wearable item corresponds to a covering for a portion of a person&#39;s body. In specific examples, the wearable item is in the form of a glove, mitten, protective mask or a hospital gown.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 63/070,738, filed on Aug. 26, 2020; the aforementionedpriority application being hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

Examples relate to wearable items formed from water-dissolvablematerial.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a frontal view of a protective face mask, according to one ormore examples.

FIG. 1B is a frontal perspective view of a protective face mask of FIG.1A, according to one or more examples.

FIG. 1C is a side perspective view of a protective face mask of FIG. 1A,according to one or more examples.

FIG. 1D is rear view of a protective face mask of FIG. 1A, according toone or more examples.

FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 each illustrate alternative protective face masks,according to one or more examples.

FIG. 4A through FIG. 4D illustrate a process to create a protective facemask such as described with FIG. 1A through FIG. 1D, according to one ormore examples.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate a conical face mask formed fromwater-dissolvable material, according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 6A through FIG. 6C illustrates a filtered mask formed from waterdissolvable material, according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates a glove formed from water dissolvable material,according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a hospital gown formed from water dissolvablematerial, according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates a seat cover formed from water dissolvable material,according to one or more embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments include a wearable item comprising a water-dissolvablematerial that forms at least a majority of the wearable item. Inexamples, the wearable item corresponds to a covering for a portion of aperson's body. In specific examples, the wearable item is in the form ofa glove, mitten, protective mask or a hospital gown.

In embodiments, the water-dissolvable material is a non-woven textileformed from polyvinyl alcohol, or other materials such as polyethyleneglycol, polyacrylamide, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid) orwater soluble paper material.

In some examples, the wearable item is formed using a segment ofwater-dissolvable material that is joined with another segment ofmaterial (which may also be water-dissolvable). The segments of materialcan be cut, shaped and joined using one or more types of materialconnections. For example, the segments can be stitched or adhered to oneanother. In some examples, segments are adhered to one another usingwater-dissolvable thread, which can, for example, stitch the segmentstogether. In other examples, adhesives (including polyvinyl alcoholadhesives) can be used to adhere segments together.

In some examples, the wearable item forms a protective covering for auser. Still further, as a protective covering, the wearable item can becombined with a filter to form, for example, a protective mask that canfilter out 95% or more particulates, under the U.S. National Institutefor Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) N95 classification.

In variations, embodiments provide for liners, shields and partitionsformed from water-dissolvable material. For example, embodiments asdescribed include seat covers (e.g., for toilet) and hospital curtains.

Still further, some embodiments provide for a protective face mask thatis formed from water-dissolvable material(s). In some examples, aprotective face mask is provided which is substantially dissolvable inwater. In examples, a protective face mask covers at least the mouth ofa user. The face cover of a protective face mask can also include anairgap or space to allow for the user to breathe.

According to some embodiments, a protective mask includes a face coverand a pair of fastening mechanisms. The face cover is dimensioned tocover a nose and mouth of a user, and the first and second fasteningmechanism are structured to fasten the face cover to a head of the user,such that the face cover is positionable in front of a face of the user.At least the face cover is formed from a water-dissolvable material suchas polyvinyl alcohol.

According to some examples, a protective face mask is formed frommaterial that is fully dissolvable with water, leaving no residue ortoxicity in the resulting solution. As a result, the protective mask canbe readily disposed of in toilets and sinks, without noticeable impactto the environment.

Additionally, in some examples, the water-dissolvable material used withembodiments as described is non-aqueous, inert and innocuous. Further,the material is selected to have minimal impact to environment, suchthat the material is devoid of micro plastics, micro solids, petrolchemicals, oils or other constituents that have detrimental impact onthe environment. In this way, examples provide for a protective facemask (or other wearable item, liner, partition, etc.) formed fromwater-dissolvable material that is safe for people, plants, animals,oceans, watersheds, septic systems and soil.

In some examples, a protective single-use face mask is provided that isfully dissolvable in water. Such face masks can be distributed at placeswhere people are expected to gather or pass through, such as retailstores, community centers, schools, mass-transit vehicles and stops,etc. Moreover, as the face masks are fully dissolvable, they can bedistributed in such places without concern of disposed facemaskslittering the location or surrounding environment.

Water-dissolvable material includes any material that will substantiallydissolve or disperse when brought into contact with water. As usedherein, the term “substantially” means at least “55%” of a statedquantity or amount. In context of examples as described, a material orstructure is said to substantially dissolve if the application of watercauses at least 55% of the material (as measured by weight or volume) todissolve within 1 hour.

In embodiments, for a wearable item (e.g., protective face mask, glove,hospital gown, etc.) or other item (e.g., seat cover, hospital curtain,etc.), the percentage of the item as a whole that dissolves in water mayexceed 50% of the weight or volume of the item. Thus, in embodiments, a“majority” of an item that may dissolve can exceed 50% of the totalweight and/or volume of the item. In some variations, the percentage ofan item that may dissolve in water can exceed 70%, 90% or 95% or more,depending on the type of water-dissolvable material, the materialconnections and the amount of non-water-dissolvable material that isused.

Polyvinyl alcohol, also known as PVOH, PVA, or PVAL, is a synthetichydrophilic polymer that is manufactured from the polymerization ofvinyl acetate. The material can be manufactured in sheets, ribbons,strings or other forms that are woven or non-woven and cloth-like. Withapplication of water, the material fully dissolves, usually in less than1-2 minutes, leaving no harmful or toxic residue, and causing no harmfuleffects to the resulting solution.

Other types of water-dissolvable materials which can be used withexamples as described include, for example, polyethylene glycol,polyacrylamide, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid) and watersoluble paper material (e.g., such as distributed as SMARTSOLVEmaterial).

FIG. 1A through FIG. 1D illustrate a protective face mask, according toone or more examples. In particular, FIG. 1A through FIG. 1D describe aprotective face mask 100 that is formed from water-dissolvable material,such as polyvinyl alcohol non-woven textile. In this way, the protectiveface mask 100 can be readily disposed of by a user or facilitiesoperator, without leaving any noticeable impact to the environment.

With reference to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the protective face mask 100includes a face cover 110 and a pair of fastening members 120. The pairof fastening members 120 can be assembled to fit over a wearer's ear orhead, with the face cover 110 forming a protective shield over theuser's mouth and nose. As described with various examples, the face mask100 can be structured to be single-use and disposable. Moreover, theface mask 100 can be formed from water-dissolvable material such thatthe masks can be readily disposed of after use. For example, the usercan toss the face mask 100 in a toilet, sink or cup of water to fullydissolve the mask. In facilities where numerous visitors are expected towear masks, an operator can make the face mask 100 available, andfurther dispense disposed masks through application of water (e.g.,through toilet, sink, hose, rain, curbside street run-off water, dew andatmospheric moisture, etc.). In this way, the facilities operator candispose of the face masks using existing equipment and infrastructure,and without causing any negative impact to the environment.

As shown by examples, the face cover 110 is rectangular, extendingbetween lateral sides 122 that define a length (L) of the face cover110, and between a top side 102 and a bottom side 112 that define a with(W) of the face cover 110. The dimensions (L,W) can be selected so thatthe face cover 110 covers the mouth the nostrils of the wearer, whileother portions of the wearer's face (e.g., eyes and forehead) areuncovered. The face cover 110 includes an interior side 108 that opposesthe face of the wearer when the face mask 100 is worn. In variations,the face cover 110 can be shaped into alternative polygonal shapes,including contours that are dimension to encompass a wearer's nostrilsand mouth.

The pair of fastening members 120 can be in form of, for example,ribbons, that provide loops that can be positioned around a user's earor head, so as to position the face cover 110 over the mouth and nose ofthe user. In some examples, the face mask 100 is fully assembled, witheach of the fastening members 120 being attached to the face cover 110.A user can manipulate each fastening member 120 over an ear or portionof their head and manipulate the face cover 110 into a contour thatcovers their mouth and nose, with the face cover positioned inches fromthe user's mouth and covering their nose.

As further shown by examples of FIG. 1A through FIG. 1C, the face cover110 can include pleats 106, which correspond to segments of the facecover 110 which are folded on one another. Each pleat 106 can enable theface cover 110 to expand outward when the face mask 100 is worn by theuser. In this way, the pleats 106 enable the face cover 110 to beexpandable to conform to the facial features of the user. Furthermore,the pleats 106 can sufficiently separate portions of the face cover 110from the user's mouth, to deter the material of the face cover 110 fromdissolving as a result of moisture being present in the user's breath.In variations, the face cover 110 can be unpleated, so as to be flat.Still further, in other variations, the face cover 110 can be contoured,rather than flat, to separate the face cover 110 from the mouth of theuser. For example, the face cover 110 can be shaped to be conical,hemispherical or bulbous, so that the face cover 110 forms a void aboutthe mouth and nostrils of the user when the face mask 100 is worn.

In examples, the face mask 100 includes lateral regions 124, positionedto abut or be adjacent to respective lateral sides 122 of the face cover110, having structural elements 125 to facilitate the face cover 110 inbeing held in place. The structural elements 125 can facilitate the facecover 110 being held in place when the face cover 110 is worn. In someexamples, the structural elements 125 can be formed with string materialthat is woven into the face cover 110. As described with some examples,each of the fastener members 120 (e.g., ribbons) and string material canbe formed from water-dissolvable material (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol).

In variations, the face mask 100 is manufactured to be partiallyassembled, with each fastener member 120 being unattached or partiallyattached to the face cover 110. As illustrated by FIG. 1C, for example,each fastener member 120 can include a base end 121 that is pinned tothe interior side 108, and a distal end 123 that is initially untetheredor unpinned. As further illustrated by FIG. 1C, each fastening member120 can include a slit 126 that is manipulatable by the user to engageand receive a respective bottom corner portion 111 of the face cover110. Once the slit of each fastening member 120 receives the respectivecorner portion 111 of the face cover 110, the user can position theresulting loop over a respective ear, such that the face cover 110 isheld in place over the face of the user.

With reference to FIG. 1D, the base end 121 of each fastener member 120can be passed through the face cover 110 so as to be accessible from anexterior side 118 of the face cover 110. In some examples, the base end121 of each fastener member 120 is shaped or otherwise provided with apin anchor 127 that is passed tip-end first through the fabric of theface cover 110. The pin anchor 127 can be pulled outward (away from theuser's face when worn) by the user to cause the face cover 110 to cinchabout the user's face.

Accordingly, as shown by examples of FIG. 1A through FIG. 1D, once thebottom corner portions 111 of the face cover 110 are passed through therespective slits 126 of each fastener member 120, the fastener members120 can be placed around the respective ear of the user. In furtherexamples, the user can pull the pin anchor 127 to tighten or cinch theface cover 110 about the user's face.

While examples of FIG. 1A through FIG. 1D show the fastening members 120to be partially assembled and manipulatable by the user, in variations,the face mask 100 can utilize other forms of fastening members. Forexample, FIG. 2 illustrates a protective face mask 200 having a facecovering 210 and fastener members 220 in the form of connector ribbonsor strings that can be tied about the user's head. As shown, thefastening members 220 include left and right pairs of strings which areconnected to the interior side 208 of the face cover 210, with thestring of each pair being dimensioned to wrap partially around theuser's head and be tied to an opposing string of the other pair. Asdescribed with other examples, the face covering 210 and fastenermembers 220 can be formed from water-dissolvable material (e.g.,polyvinyl alcohol).

FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a protective face mask 300 havinga face covering 310 and fastener members 320 which include connectorloops 332, with each connector loop 332 being formed from ribbon orstring that is connected to a top and bottom corner of a left or rightside of an interior 308 of the face cover 310. In some examples, aconnector ribbon 334 can be connected to each connector loop 332. Oncethe connector loops 332 are wrapped around the user's ear, the connectorribbons 334 can be tied to one another about the user's head. In thisway, the fastener members 320 can be structured as string loops 332 thatcan be wrapped around a respective left and right ear of the user, withrespective connector ribbons 334 that can also be tied around the backof the user's head. As with other examples, the face covering 310,string loops 332 and ribbon connectors 334 can also be formed fromwater-dissolvable material (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol).

FIG. 4A through FIG. 4D illustrate a process to create a protective facemask such as shown by examples of FIG. 1A through FIG. 1D, according toone or more examples. A process as shown by examples of FIG. 4A throughFIG. 4D can be implemented to manufacture or otherwise assemble batchesof disposable and water-dissolvable face masks, for use in anenvironment or setting (e.g., retail store, commercial building,mass-transit vehicle, etc.) where there is expected to be foot trafficor groups of people present.

In FIG. 4A, the face cover 110 is provided from a segment ofwater-dissolvable material. For example, the face cover 110 can beformed from polyvinyl alcohol, such that the face cover 110 is fullywater-dissolvable, within a relatively short time (e.g., 5-120 seconds)of being fully immersed. Moreover, polyvinyl alcohol non-woven textileleaves no residue or remnants, and when dissolved in water, theresulting solution is not toxic to animals or humans. In some examples,the face cover 110 is formed from polyvinyl alcohol fabric material.Additionally, the face cover 110 can be formed from one or multiplelayers (or sheets) of polyvinyl alcohol. The dimensions of the facecover 110 can initially be 17 cm by 17 cm.

In variations, the material of the face cover 110 can be formed fromother types of water-dissolvable material, such as polyethylene glycol,polyacrylamide, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid) or watersoluble paper material.

In FIG. 4B, the face cover 110 is pleated. The face cover 110 can bemanipulated to include folds, corresponding to pleats 106. As describedwith other examples, the pleats 106 can enable the face cover 110 toexpand outward, so as to better space the face cover 110 from the user'smouth. In an implementation, three pleats 106 are provided, spaced 1 cmapart. The resulting dimensions of the face cover 110 become L=17 cm andW=13 cm. The width dimension is selected so that the user's mouth andnose are covered, but not eyes or forehead.

In FIG. 4C, string is woven into the fabric of the face cover 110 at thelateral regions 124, to provide the structural elements 125. In someexamples, the string may be formed from polyvinyl alcohol or otherwater-dissolvable material.

In FIG. 4D, ribbons formed from water-dissolvable material (e.g.,polyvinyl alcohol) are secured to the top end of the left and rightlateral regions to form the pair of fastening members 120. As describedwith other examples, the base end 121 of each ribbon can be shaped orotherwise provided with a pin anchor 127 (see FIG. 1D) so that it ispassed through the fabric of the face cover 110, while the distal end123 is untethered. As described with some examples, each ribbon can beprovided with a slit 126 (see FIG. 1C) to receive a respective cornerportion of the face cover 110.

As an alternative to constructing fastener members 120 as described withFIG. 1D, an example such as described with FIG. 2 provides for the leftand right pairs of ribbons to be affixed to the interior side of theface cover 110. In this variation, the pairs of ribbons provide twopairs of ties which the user can tie about the back of their head tosecure the face cover 110 in position. As still another alternative toconstructing fastener members 120 as described with FIG. 1D, an examplesuch as provided with FIG. 3 provides for ribbons of the fastenermembers 120 to be structured as connector loops 332 that are affixed toan interior of the face cover 110. Additionally, the construction of theprotective face mask can further provide for connecting ribbonconnectors 334 to each connector loop 332. This construction allows theconnector loops 332 to be wrapped about the user's ears, and the ribbonconnectors 334 to be tied to one another around the back of the user'shead.

Among other advantages, examples as described with FIG. 4A through FIG.4D enable the creation and use of a disposable face mask that can beutilized by groups of people. Numerous variations can be implemented tothe structural features and design of protective masks as described byvarious examples, where the components of the protective masks (e.g.,face cover, fastener members, etc.) are formed from water-solvablematerial (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol) to ensure the safe and efficientdisposal of the individual masks after use.

Embodiments provide for different types of face mask that can beconstructed from water-dissolvable material. For example, face masks canvary as between embodiments based on the structure of the face cover,which can be pleaded, nine pleaded and flat, conical or other shape.FIG. 5A illustrates a front isometric view of an exterior of a facemask500, according to one or more examples. FIG. 5B illustrates an interiorof the facemask 500 of FIG. 5A, according to one or more examples. Asshown, a face cover 510 has a conical shape so as to protrude outwardfrom the user's face. The face cover 510 can be formed from waterdissolvable material that is structured by thickness and/or compositionto be relatively stiff, so as to enable the conical protrusion over theuser's mouth. One advantage the results from the conical structure ofthe face cover 510 is as a result of the separation of the user's mouthfrom the interior 514 of the face cover 510. The separation reduces theamount of breath moisture that impacts the face cover 510, therebyextending the longevity of the facemask 510 as compared to a similarconstructed facemask that is flat against the user's mouth.

A thickness of the face cover 510 can include one or multiple layers ofwater dissolvable material. For example, the face cover 510 can beformed from a first sheet or layer of water dissolvable material thatforms the exterior 512, and a second sheet or layer of water dissolvablematerial that forms the interior 514. Further, the structure of the facecover 510 can enable the user to insert a filter, either in between thelayers of water dissolvable material or adjacent to the interior 514.

In other variations, facemask are structured to affix to the user's facewithout use of straps, ties or similar fastener mechanisms (e.g., earloops). With reference to FIG. 6A through FIG. 6C, some examples providefor the use of an adhesive layer that allows the user to secure a facecover to their face. FIG. 6A is a frontal view of a face mask 600,according to one or more examples. FIG. 6B is a rear view of the facemask 600 of FIG. 6A, according to one or more examples. FIG. 6C is across-sectional view of the face mask 600 cut along lines A-A, accordingto one or more examples.

In examples shown by FIG. 6A through FIG. 6C, a face cover 610 is smoothand flat. In variations, the face cover 610 can be pleated or conical.With reference to FIG. 6B, an adhesive layer 620 is provided along theperimeter of an interior of the face cover 610. The adhesive layer 620can be implemented as a continuous layer of adhesive, or as a discreteset of adhesive areas. Moreover, the location of the pieces can be atdifferent locations including, for example at corners of the face cover610.

With reference to FIG. 6C, the face cover 610 can be formed frommultiple layers of material. In one implementation, the face cover 610includes an exterior layer 612 or sheet of water dissolvable material,an interior layer 614 or sheet of water-dissolvable material, and amiddle layer 616 of filter material. In addition, an adhesive layer 618can be provided on one or more perimeter regions of the interior of theface cover 610. In variations, the face cover 610 can be formed fromjust two layers of water dissolvable material. Still further, in othervariations additional middle layers may be provided of different typesof material, including water dissolvable and filter materials.

In some examples, the adhesive layer 618 is two-sided and suitable forcontact with human skin. For example, the adhesive layer 618 can beformed from BUTYL or medical adhesive tape (e.g., material manufacturedunder the tradename of TOPSTICK). In other variations, the material maybe formed from polyvinyl alcohol so as to be dissolvable in water.

As described with other examples, the cloth-like nature of thewater-dissolvable materials described with various examples can alsoenable the creation of other types of wearable items. In examples,sheets of water-dissolvable material can be cut, folded and shape tocreate other types of wearable items, including coverings for differentparts of the human body (e.g., hands, feet, head). FIG. 7 illustrates afront view of a glove 700 formed from water dissolvable material,according to one or more examples. FIG. 8 illustrates a front view of ahospital gown 800 formed from water-dissolvable material, according toone or more examples. Each of the glove 700 and hospital gown 800 can beformed by cutting shapes and contours into a sheet of water-dissolvablematerial to form different segments of the wearable item, and thenadjoining the segments through a material connection. In some examples,the segments of the glove or hospital gown can be joined by stitchingthe edges of the respective segments together using a thread formed fromwater-dissolvable material. In variations, the material connection canbe provided through the use of adhesives that enable one segment toconnect to another segment along an edge.

In other examples, sheets of water dissolvable material can be used toprovide shielding, linings, or partitions. Among other advantages, theuse of water-dissolvable material to form the glove 700 and hospitalgown 800 enable the wearable items to be readily disposable, withminimum impact to the environment. In this way, the costs associatedwith cleaning and sanitizing the gloves 700 and hospital gown 800 can beavoided.

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment in which a seat cover is shaped as aseat cover (e.g., toilet-seat cover). The seat cover 900 can be formedfrom a base segment 910 having a partial opening that defines a bulbsection 920 that allows for the cover to fall into a toilet and bedisposed. As the seat cover 900 is formed from water-dissolvablematerial as described with other examples, the seat cover can be flushedwith almost no residual remains.

In other examples, sheets of water-dissolvable materials can be used toform, for example, privacy shields, such as hospital curtains. Thehospital curtains can therefore be disposable, with minimal impact onthe environment, thereby allowing users to avoid the cost of cleaning.

Although examples are described in detail herein with reference to theaccompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the concepts are notlimited to those precise examples. Accordingly, it is intended that thescope of the concepts be defined by the following claims and theirequivalents. Furthermore, it is contemplated that a particular featuredescribed either individually or as part of an example can be combinedwith other individually described features, or parts of other examples,even if the other features and examples make no mention of theparticular feature. Thus, the absence of describing combinations shouldnot preclude having rights to such combinations.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wearable item comprising: a water-dissolvablematerial that forms at least a majority of the wearable item.
 2. Thewearable item of claim 1, further comprising: a material connection thatconnects at least a first segment of water-dissolvable material with asecond segment of the item.
 3. The wearable item of claim 2, furthercomprising: wherein the first segment is formed from water-dissolvablematerial of a first type, and the second segment is formed fromwater-dissolvable material of a second type.
 4. The wearable item ofclaim 2, wherein the material connection includes one or more stitches,the one or more stitches being formed from a water-dissolvable material.5. The wearable item of claim 2, wherein the material connection isformed from an adhesive.
 6. The wearable item of claim 1, wherein thewater-dissolvable material is non-woven and clothlike.
 7. The wearableitem of claim 1, wherein the water-dissolvable material is structured toprovide a protective covering for a portion of a person's body.
 8. Thewearable item of claim 1, wherein the wearable item is shaped as anapparel selected from a group consisting of a glove, a mitten, aprotective mask, and a gown.
 9. The wearable item of claim 1, whereinthe water-dissolvable material includes at least one of polyvinylalcohol non-woven textiles, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide,poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid) and water soluble papermaterial.
 10. The wearable item of claim 1, further comprising: a facecover dimensioned to cover a nose and mouth of a user; wherein the facecover is formed from the water-dissolvable material.
 11. The wearableitem of claim 10, further comprising: a first and second fasteningmechanism to fasten the face cover to a head of the user, so that theface cover is positionable in front of a face of the user.
 12. Thewearable item of claim 11, wherein: the first fastening mechanismincludes a length of material that is connected to a first lateralregion of the face cover, and the second first fastening mechanismincludes a length of material that is connected to a second lateralregion of the face cover; and wherein the material of the first lengthand the material of the second length each comprise of thewater-dissolvable material.
 13. The wearable item of claim 10, whereinthe face cover is formed from water-dissolvable material of a firsttype, and the first fastening mechanism and the second fasteningmechanism are formed from water dissolvable material of a second type.14. The wearable item of claim 10, wherein the face cover is pleated.15. The wearable item of claim 10, wherein each of the first and secondfastening mechanisms are attached to an interior side of the facecovering, with a respective distal end that is unattached.
 16. Thewearable item of claim 15, wherein the respective distal end of each ofthe first and second fastening mechanisms includes a slit that isdimensioned to engage a corner of the face cover.
 17. The wearable itemof claim 10, further comprising an adhesive layer that is provided on atleast a portion of one side of the face cover to adhere the face coverto a face of a user.
 18. The wearable item of claim 10, wherein the facecover is formed from multiple layers, including at least two layers thatare each formed from a sheet of polyvinyl alcohol non-woven textile. 19.The wearable item of claim 17, wherein the face cover includes a middlelayer formed from a filter.
 20. The wearable item of claim 10, whereinthe face cover is conical in shape.